It is unclear whether the financial aspects of employment or the social control that inheres in employment best explains the relationship between employment and reduced offending. This study examines the effects of employment as well as the different types of income support on crime. Random- and fixed-effects models show that for men, both work and income support are associated with a reduction in the rate of offending. The findings support both theories that stress the financial motivation for crime as well as theories that emphasize the importance of informal social control for reducing offending. VERBRUGGEN, J., APEL, R., VAN DER GEEST, V. R. and BLOKLAND, A. A. J. (2015), WORK, INCOME SUPPORT, AND CRIME IN THE DUTCH WELFARE STATE: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY FOLLOWING VULNERABLE YOUTH INTO ADULTHOOD*. Criminology. doi: 10.1111/1745-9125.12080